1.1 The nationality of a person is automatically that of their passport.

1.2 In the case of dual nationality, the rider may choose which nation they wish to ride for (unless 1.3 applies).
1.2.1 For Northern Ireland a rider may choose whether to ride for Ireland or GB

1.3 Riders may opt to ride for their country of residence (instead of the country of their passport) when they have been permanently resident in that country for 12 months.
1.3.1 Permanent residence counts as residency within that country for at least 9 months each year.

1.4 A competitor must give at least 12 months notice of intent to change the nation which they represent.
1.4.1 A competitor may not ride for 2 countries during the same calendar year.
* Guidance on competitors nominating or changing their nationality will be published on the IHAA website

2.1 Child: Up to and including 13 years old
Junior: Up to and including 17 years old
Young Rider: 16 - 21 years old.
Senior: 22 years or older.
Masters: 50 years or older

2.2 For determining 2.1, a competitor’s age is the age they will turn that year.
I.e. if a competitor turns 22 on 24th Oct 2020 they will count as 22 years old for all competitions in 2020, and must ride as a senior all year.

2.3 A competitor should nominate which age category they will compete under in a given year where there are different options, i.e. children & juniors, juniors & young riders. They must compete within this age category unless it is unavailable at a given competition (when they should ride in the nearest age group available).

2.4 Competitions for children will be run without timing rules. They must maintain the pace of canter or gallop, but they will not receive any points or penalties for speed; only target points and multi-hit bonuses (where applicable) will determine their score.

* Guidance on competitors nominating their age category (as per 2.3) will be published on the IHAA website

3.1 Safety equipment
3.1.1 Riding helmets are encouraged but are not mandatory for riders aged 18 years or more.
3.1.2 It is mandatory for competitors under the age of 18 to wear a riding helmet at all times when mounted.
3.1.3 Rigid body or back protectors may be worn.
3.1.4 The permission of the chief referee should be sought before wearing an inflatable air-vest
3.1.5 Some competitions may require helmets or body/back protectors to be worn to fulfil their insurance requirements, throughout the whole competition or for specific events. If this is the case it should be stated clearly on the competition information at the time of application to enter, and competitors should be reminded in the pre-competition information which is sent out.

3.2 Modern or traditional costume may be worn, it is the individual’s or team’s decision.
3.2.1 If competitions have a specific dress requirement this should be clearly specified on the competition information at the time of entry applications.
3.2.2 Even if it is specified that traditional costume must be worn, organisers must allow individuals to wear riding helmets, or body/back protectors, if riders wish to do so.

3.3 A bow is defined as an instrument consisting of a grip (handle) and two flexible limbs each ending in a tip with a string nock. The bow is braced for use only by a single string attached directly between the two string nocks, and in operation is held in one hand by its grip (handle) while the string is drawn and released using the other hand.
3.3.1 Bows shall be of traditional form and of traditional or modern construction, including the use of modern materials. Any draw weight may be used. No arrow shelves, rests, cut-out windows, stabilisers, weights or mechanical releases shall be permitted. A padding or wrap of the grip, made of any material, is allowed as long as it is no thicker than half the shaft diameter of the thinnest arrow the competitor will use during the competition, measured on top of the grip where the arrow rests.
3.3.2 The use of bows that can be taken apart for transportation is permitted, as long as they fulfil all other requirements

3.4 An arrow is defined as a projectile which consists of a single shaft with a single tip (point), nock and any number of fletchings.
3.4.1 The maximum diameter of an arrow shaft shall not exceed 9.3mm
3.4.2 Arrows may be of any material, including the nocks and fletchings. Only target or field points are permitted. Broadheads or any other point that causes excessive damage to the target shall not be permitted. Where blunts are required, they must be made of rubber, wood, plastic, leather or another soft material.
3.4.3 A requirement to use blunts or fluflu fletchings will be specified in the event rules.
3.4.4 Only one arrow may be shot with each release of the bowstring.

3.5 These rules on quivers apply to all events in IHAA competitions when arrows are not being held in the hand.
3.5.1 Arrows may be carried in a quiver or in a belt or sash.
3.5.2 Quivers must be attached to the rider, they may not be attached to the horse, its tack or to the bow.
3.5.3 The quiver may be attached to a person's body, belt or upper leg. It may not be attached to the arm or lower leg (ie. no straps to be secured below the knee).
3.5.4 Arrows may not be carried in the boot.
3.5.5 Quiver types where arrow points are uncovered are permitted.
3.5.6 Riders should take care that quivers are secure and stable, and do not cause irritation or distress to the horse (for example, by flapping).

3.6 A competitor riding their own horse may use spurs, crop or other similar equipment. Competitors riding a horse that is not their own must have the permission of the horse’s owner before using such equipment.

3.7 There are no restrictions on the type of saddle used. However a competitor may not use his own saddle on a hired horse without the permission of the owner and (where there is provision for this) the approval of a saddler.
3.7.1 Horses may only be ridden bareback or using a saddle/pad without stirrups with the permission of the chief referee and the horse's owner. See #3.12

3.8 It is permitted to ride in a bitless bridle.
3.8.1 Horses may only be ridden with a neck-strap / cordeo with the permission of the chief referee and the horse's owner. In this situation it is strongly recommended that the horse still wears a halter in case the rider falls and the horse must be caught. See #3.12
3.8.2 Whatever the tack used (regular bridle, bitless bridle, neck-strap) the rider must have adequate control of their horse. If this is not the case they must rectify the problem or risk elimination (as rule 4.8 and 11.6).

3.9 Horses should have a free head carriage. Any device or arrangement that pulls on a horse’s head or mouth during normal paces, when the reins have been released, (whether used with the aim of slowing the horse or not) is not allowed. Examples include (but are not limited to) bearing, side, draw, running, balancing reins, or similar. Devices such as the Market Harborough (German martingale) or de Gogue may be not be used.
3.9.1 Reins may not be looped over the pommel so tight that
they act to slow the horse.
3.9.2 The use of martingales is discouraged. In competition, permission to use a standing martingale must be obtained from the competition organiser. If the chief referee feels the the standing martingale is tight enough to be doing more than simply preventing the horse raising its head dangerously high he may ask for it to be loosened or removed (see rule 3.9). A running martingale may be used without requiring specific permission.
3.9.3 Local rules may further restrict the use of standing and/or running martingales.

3.10 Where a noseband is used, there must be a gap of at least 1.5cm between the horse’s nasal plate and the noseband.

3.11 Care should be taken that, when they are dropped, the reins do not hang so low that there is a risk of the horse stepping on them, or of them catching on anything. Short reins, knotted reins or rein keeps / quick release attachments may be employed as long as they do not contravene rule 3.9.
3.11.1 Rein extenders are permitted as long as they can be safely used by the individual.

3.12 If competitors wish to use equipment not included in rule #3 above, or ride bareback / without stirrups (#3.7.1) or just with a neck-strap/cordeo (#3.8.1) they should seek the permission of the Chief referee, prior to the start of their competition (ideally at the end of the competitors' meeting). The Chief referee should provide a valid reason to refuse a request, such as safety, fair play or local regulations.

3.13 If the chief referee has concerns that a particular item of equipment (archery or tack), or technique, is dangerous or impeding the horse, then the referee may request that a competitor adjusts or changes the item. If this is not done to the referee's satisfaction he may forbid the person from continuing to use that piece of equipment.

3.14 A competitor must present any or all of their equipment for examination if the Chief referee requests this. This should be done immediately if the item in on their person. Otherwise, a reasonable time scale should be allowed, considering the timing of the competitor's next event and where their equipment is kept/stored. Failure to comply will result in the immediate elimination of the competitor from the whole competition.

4.1 All horses must be adequately trained and experienced in horseback archery and must be fit enough to complete all their required runs at canter or gallop.

4.2 Competition organisers and national governing bodies may make additional rules regarding the horse's age, condition, fitness, vaccinations, health records and veterinary examinations as are reasonable.

4.3 Competition organisers and national governing bodies may make rules regarding the inclusion of stallions as are reasonable.

4.4 Without prejudice to the above rules, horses with a known propensity to kick or bite should be required to wear red or orange ribbons in their mane and/or tail.

4.5 Those competitors who have not brought their own horse, or arranged a private hire or lending of a horse, shall be allocated a horse by the competition organiser.
4.5.1 A rider who is hiring a horse should communicate their preferred horse speed and type to the organiser when he/she is registering for the competition.
4.5.2 Competitors must be given reasonable opportunity to ride their horses before the competition, to warm up in a field/arena; to canter/gallop down the track and shoot from the potential horses. Only in exceptional circumstances, e.g. poor weather, should procedure deviate from this ideal situation. It is the organisers’ responsibility to ensure that time for this is allocated in the competition timetable and that competitors are aware of when it will occur. It is a competitor’s responsibility to arrive in time for the horse selection (unless by prior arrangement).
4.5.3 The rider who is hiring a horse may express a preference of mount following horse trials. It is then the responsibility for the organiser to allocate horses appropriate to the ability, riding style, weight and preference of the competitor. The decision of the competition organiser shall be final and shall not be appealable under rule 9.
4.5.4 The same horse should be used by a rider throughout the whole competition, unless the horse is retired from the competition due to injury or because it becomes apparent that the rider is unsafe on that horse.

4.6 It is strongly recommended that a horse should have no more than 2 riders in a competition. 4.6.1 In the event that too many competitors wish to ride a particular horse (it being a horse available for allocation by the organiser), the final say shall go to the competition organiser and this decision shall not be appealable under Rule 9.
4.6.2 In ordinary circumstances the daily work load for a horse should be limited to 2 starts of standard length tracks (eg. T110, R235 or standard hunt tracks) or 3 starts in short track events (eg. T90, R233, Skirmish or shorter Hunt tracks). Only in exceptional situations should a further start be permitted, with careful consideration of the fitness of the horse, the local ground and weather conditions, and the duration of the whole event.
4.6.3 In 4.6.2 "starts" is defined as an event plus its warm up runs. For example a start in T110 is 2 warm-up and 8 competition runs, a start for raid tracks is 2 warm-up and 6 competition runs and start in Hunt tracks will be the number of runs for a competitor to complete that event (ie. which will vary according to the length of the track)

4.7 Rules 4.5-4.6 shall all be subject to the right of a horse’s owner to approve or veto rider number and selection for their horse.
4.7.1 The owner of a horse may at any time withdraw their horse from the competition for any reason.

4.8 The chief referee may, at any time and at their discretion, rule that a horse is not safe to continue, either through injury, fitness or for any other reason.
4.8.1 Should significant problems arise during the competition (particularly if horses are being shared with another rider) there should be an allowance for discussion between rider, chief referee, competition organiser & horse owner regarding a reschooling run or a change of horse.
4.8.2 The chief referee has the final decision regarding changing horses, subject to 4.7.1.

4.9 If a competitor (other than the owner) is displaced by the removal of a horse from competition (#4.7.1 / #4.8) for any reason other than injury, the Competition Organizer shall attempt to make provision for an alternative horse for that competitor only.
4.9.1 A competition organiser is not responsible to find a remount when a horse is retired due to injury. If the competitor can source one they should apply to the chief referee for permission to change horse and regarding timings (see #4.9.2-3).
4.9.2 In the event of changing their horse, the competitor shall be allowed a reasonable time to familiarise themselves with the horse, warm the horse up and (if the set-up and safety provisions allow) to shoot while mounted in a warm-up arena/track. The referee shall determine how long is reasonable under the circumstances.
4.9.3 Should a rider change onto a new horse (due to lameness / safety concerns with their original horse), the organiser determines when the REMAINING runs are taken, ideally in the next suitable group. They do not get to run the whole event again; their score will be the sum of the runs before, and the runs after, the horse change. For Straight track events: prior to commencing their scoring runs, the rider should get 1 warm up canter without and 1 run with shooting, as was available to other competitors. For Hunt track: The horse must have been ridden around the track at some point prior to the scored run. Depending on whether it has been ridden on that track by other competitors, and considering the horse's fatigue, the judge should decide whether this rider may may a non-shooting ride of the track.

5.1 Arrows should not be touched until their score has been determined and recorded.

5.2 Arrows that bounce off the target shall score zero and do not count as “hits” for the purpose of bonus points.

5.3 Arrows that pass through the target should be awarded the score that is indicated by a new hole in the target face, or where the target judge believes the arrow to have penetrated the target. If nobody saw which scoring zone the arrow passed through, or there is disagreement, then the lowest score for that target should be awarded.

5.4 An arrow that strikes and remains embedded in another arrow shall score what the chief referee determines it most likely would have scored.
5.4.1 If the arrow is embedded in the nock-end (ie. has robin-hooded) another arrow, it should score the same points as the arrow it struck.
5.4.2 If an arrow bounces but obviously hit and damaged another arrow already in the target, causing a broken nock or similar damage that couldn't possibly have been there when that arrow was shot, the chief referee may choose to award points as he deems appropriate, given the location of the damage and the angle of the shot (as 5.4).

5.5 An arrow that penetrates the paper target face but does not penetrate the boss and is left hanging from the paper face shall be scored as though it had penetrated the boss.

5.6 If the shaft of an arrow breaks two different scoring zones or touches the line between two scoring zones then the arrow shall be scored as the higher of the two scores.
5.6.1 The arrow should be scored where the arrow shaft breaks the target face. If the arrow has been shot at an angle such that the mid-shaft lies in contact with a higher scoring zone, this does not count: the location where the shaft penetrates the target face is the score that counts.
5.6.2 If a tear in the paper face caused by the arrow touches the line (or higher scoring zone), but the shaft of the arrow does not, then the lower score is recorded. The higher score is only awarded if the arrow itself touches the line or higher zone.
5.6.3 It is recommended, but not mandatory, that if an arrow is close to or just touching a line (ie. it is a close decision as to which zone to score it in), the target judge should obtain a second opinion before announcing the score. If it cannot be determined whether an arrow touches the line or not, the higher score is given.

5.7 Arrows shall be scored by target judges, who shall indicate the score to the score keeper.
5.7.1 The target judge shall not touch the arrow or the target face until the score keeper has instructed the target judge to pull the arrow.
5.7.2 Target judges should indicate the target point score for long enough that a rider’s representative based near the judges’ tent can note them and question results if necessary.

5.8 Once properly scored (in accordance with rules 5.1-5.7), arrows should be removed from the targets after each run, so each competitor has clear target faces to shoot at.
5.8.1 The arrows should not be removed until the competitors representative has been given adequate time to query the scores (see 5.7.2), though this should not be a lengthy enough delay to slow the flow of competition.

5.9 If scoring is efficient enough then preliminary results for individual competitors may be announced while the next group is warming up.

6.1 It is the responsibility of event organisers to keep targets in good repair so that arrows do not frequently bounce or pass through the target.

6.2 Target stands should be made of a material that will not easily damage an arrow, or cause it to bounce back or ricochet, if the arrow hits the stand. I.e. wooden stands are suitable but metal stands are not.

6.3 Target bosses should be properly secured (using straps and/or weights), so that they do not blow over in the wind or when struck by arrows.

6.4 To allow the accurate scoring of arrows that are a 1pt-miss linecutter, there must be at least 2cm of target beyond the outside scoring ring.

6.5 It is permitted to use paper faces, foam shields or painted foam targets.
6.5.1 All information about the size, shape, elevation and locations of targets is specified in the event rules, as well as how to score the different target faces.

7.1 Every competition shall have the following roles assigned: competition organiser, chief referee (chief judge), track marshal (starter), start-line judge, target judge(s), time keeper, and score keeper. Somebody will be tasked to keep the safety flag.
7.1.1 Specific events may require additional personnel

7.2 Each role may be held by a single person or by more than one person jointly (eg. a competition may have 2 people working as score-keeper; working concurrently, or covering consecutive groups).

7.3 A single person or group of people may hold more than one role at a time. (eg. one person may perform the roles of both time keeper and target judge)

7.4 The competition organiser shall be responsible for providing the venue. Where horses are being provided this shall also be the responsibility of the competition organiser.
7.4.1 The competition organiser is responsible for ensuring that there are sufficient people to perform the roles (listed in #7.1) and that they are adequately trained and experienced for the job they will fulfil.

7.5 The chief referee shall be responsible for ensuring that the competition runs in accordance with the current IHAA rules. The chief referee shall have the final decision relating to the rules and rule violations, except where that responsibility is referred to an appeal panel.
7.5.1 In the case that the Chief Referee is also a competitor, they shall not make the final call alone in matters of scoring. Another official should verify the decision.
7.5.2 All officials should state any conflict of interest to the Chief Referee at the start of the competition (eg. family members competing). If the Chief Referee has a conflict of interest, they must outline it to the competition organiser.

7.6 The target judges shall be responsible for determining the number of points scored by arrows hitting the targets. They shall operate under the supervision of the score keeper and the chief referee. Target judges must be familiar with the provisions of Rule 5 (scoring).

7.7 The time keeper shall be responsible for ensuring that the timing equipment is operating correctly and for recording the time taken for each run.

7.8 The score keeper shall be responsible for supervising the target judges and ensuring that the scores awarded by the target judges are recorded correctly.

7.9 Before each run the chief referee is responsible for checking that the range is clear and that the timing equipment is ready. He will indicate to the track marshal that the next competitor is permitted to start.
7.9.1 The track marshal should double check that the range is clear then signal to the next competitor that he may start.
7.9.2 Where there are both right and left-handed competitors in the same group the track marshal should have a clear method of communicating who may start, and who may not. Any flag or signage system should take into account the potential for confusion if any competitors have red/green colour-blindness.
7.9.3 The competitor should pass through the start gate within 60s as stated in rule 11.1.

7.10 A nominated official, in the judge's tent or a referee station near to the centre of the track, should be tasked with keeping the safety flag. Competitors should know what the distinctive flag looks like and where it will be kept. If there is any reason for the competition to be halted for a safety concern the alarm should be raised visually, as well as by shouting STOP.
7.10.1 The competitor should immediately stop shooting and slow down the horse to a walk in a safe manner. If the safety concern is not caused by the competitor he should be offered an immediate rerun after the safety concern is resolved.

7.11 National associations may require for officials (particularly the Chief Referee and Track Marshal to have completed organised training. They must keep up to date with rule changes and guidelines for best practice in managing difficult decisions, through judging CPD (Continued Professional Development).

8.1 Unless otherwise specified by the rules for a specific event, the track shall be 1.5-3m wide and the boundaries of the track shall be clearly delineated, usually by a rope barrier or raised earth.

8.2 The barrier should be constructed so that it is safe for both horse and archer and effective in keeping horses within the track. The suggested height is 50-80cm tall.
8.2.1 If rope is used to mark the track then it shall be suspended in a way that does not present a hazard to horses or riders. Any posts used for this purpose must not present a significant risk of injury to a horse or rider should they fall onto them.
8.2.2 It is recommended, but not required, that any rope/cord used has easy-break points to avoid entanglement if a horse to goes through it.

8.3 Ideally, the track boundary should widen slightly in a funnel-like manner at both ends (to assist the horse in entering the delineated track for both R- and L-handed riders).

8.4 There shall be adequate space beyond the start and finish lines for the horse to enter the run smoothly, and to slow and stop safely.
8.4.1 The first 5m of track prior to the start / beyond the finish, must be straight.
8.4.2 A 25m run-in/out with delineated boundaries, beyond the timing gates at both ends of the track, is suggested for straight track events. The run-outs do not have to be a straight line but should not curve too tightly (the minimum inside curve radius is 10m). If they curve the direction of the curve should (if possible) be towards the target to assist horses in selecting the canter-lead towards the target (see diagram in rulebook).

8.5 If left-handed competitors are registered, the track set-up must be equally fair to both left- and right-handed competitors. The targets must be at the same distances along the track both ways and a safe stopping space(#8.4) must be assured for all. Any other variation / disadvantage (eg. inclines, external factors that might influence a horse) should be minimised.

8.6 The track shall be inspected for hazards before each day of competition.

8.7 The team captains (or another nominated representative) and chief referee must check the track set up the day before competition and verbally acknowledge their acceptance of it. If necessary, due to extreme or changing ground conditions, this may be repeated the morning of competition.
8.7.1 This official check is the opportunity for teams to identify any problems in track set up and a tape measure and rulebook should be available.
8.7.2 Should a mistake in track set-up be missed at this stage and instead noticed during the competition the chief referee and appeals committee together will decide what course of action is best for the competitors (and horses) and for the validity of the competition, and determine how to best proceed.

8.8 Spectators must be required to maintain a safe distance from the track. This distance shall be determined by the chief referee, but a recommended minimum is 5m.
8.8.1 Judges, officials and 1 representative/helper per team are permitted within this area but should take care not to crowd the edge of the track.

8.9 No horses other than those in the current group are allowed in the arena or in proximity to the track or within the spectator area.

9.1 There should be provision for competitors to warm up properly, including ground archery and horse schooling/warming up (without shooting) before each event. Separate areas should be provided for this.
9.1.1 If the venue set-up allows then a practice / warm-up track for mounted shooting may be provided. If the competition timetable is tight then the organiser may require all except one warm up run to be done here, rather than on the competition track.
9.1.2 Rules regarding safety and horse welfare extend throughout a competition venue, and infractions within the stable and warm-up complexes may be reported to the Chief referee, as would occur whilst on the competition track.
9.1.3 The organiser should provide a marshal to oversee any warm-up area where mounted shooting occurs, to reduce the risk of accidents occurring.

9.2 The number of warm up runs is specified under the Raid and Tower rules.

9.3 At least one of the warm-up runs should be timed and the time of the run communicated to the rider.

9.4 If there are concerns regarding either the fatigue of horses, especially in heavy going conditions, or the competition timetable, warm up runs may be decreased to a minimum of 1 canter without / with shooting, prior to starting competition runs. If any team captains have issue with the number of warm up runs offered it should be discussed between the organiser and all team captains at the earliest opportunity.

9.5 If a rider has changed horse during the event (due to lameness / safety concerns with their original horse), pursuant to 4.7.1 or 4.8, then rule 4.9.3 applies: prior to restarting their scoring runs they should get 1 warm up canter without and 1 run with shooting.

9.6 For the Hunt track there should be clear information available to all competitors on:
a. When the track will be open for walking by competitors.
b. When the track will be open for familiarisation rides by horses, the number of rides allowed and speed of riding that is permissible.
c. What the warm up procedure will be on competition day, ie. what will be allowed and when this is timetabled to occur.

10.1 It is recommended that, where possible, electronic timers should be used for measuring the time of runs in competition.
10.1.1 Times should be recorded to the nearest 0.01s (one-hundredth of a second) if using electronic timing.
10.1.2 An alternative means of measuring times should be available as backup in case of the timing system failing (eg. 10.2); on straight track events this should be implemented as soon as the electronic timing starts to demonstrate unreliability.
10.1.3 Where electronic timing gates are used on the Hunt track, backup manual timing must be used as standard.

10.2 Manual timing can be executed with 2 persons indicating (eg. by dropping their raised hand) when a competitor passes through the start and finish lines. A timing official (or two) will then measure the time indicated with a stopwatch. This method of timing is suitable for grading, postal matches and lower levels of competition, and as backup to electronic timers.
10.2.1 The people indicating must be consistent so it is suggested that the same people perform this job for all riders at an event, that they drop their hand when the rider's body passes the start line, and that they are standing so that they can see the rider approaching (ie. if standing with their back to the approaching rider they may be slow to react)
10.2.2 Times should be recorded to the nearest 0.1s (one-tenth of a second) if using manual timing.
10.2.3 There should always be 2 stopwatches used (to protect against failures). One person may operate 2 stopwatches, or 2 people may each operate a stopwatch. If 2 people are both operating stopwatches then an average of their times should be used / one person should be nominated the official timer and the 2nd recorded time only used as backup if there was a problem with the first (ie. didn't start/stop or the timer was aware they were slow to press the button).

10.3 If a malfunction of timing equipment means that a competitor’s run is not timed then the average of the competitor's other runs shall be used. The written scoresheet should record that an average has been used.
10.3.1 On the hunt track there will be a backup time (#10.1.3) which should be used

11.1 Once a competitor has been given the signal to go, they must enter the track within 60s. Failure to do so shall count as a refusal and the competitor shall not be permitted to enter the track once the 60s have elapsed. They shall score zero for that run.

11.2 If a horse leaves the track other than through the approved exit then the competitor shall score zero for that run.
11.2.1 In the Hunt Track, further event specific rules apply.

11.3 If a competitor falls from their horse whilst on the track then they shall score zero for that run. "On the track" is defined as between the start and finish gates. If a competitor falls twice in the same event, during their start or on the track, then that competitor shall be required to withdraw and shall not attempt any more runs. Any runs already completed shall count towards results and rankings. For the purpose of this rule, an “event” is a set of runs scored together, such as the Tower-110 event or the Raid 2-3-5 event. The competitor may compete in other events at the same competition.
11.3.1 In the Hunt Track, further event specific rules apply.

11.4 A medical check by a first aider or paramedic is mandatory after a fall.
11.4.1 If it is determined that the competitor must withdraw on health grounds, any runs already completed shall count towards results and rankings. The decision of a medic cannot be appealed.
11.4.2 If the competitor is passed as fit to continue by the medic they may, at the discretion of the chief referee (see #11.5), be permitted to attempt their remaining runs.

11.5 The chief referee may, at their discretion, allow the competitor to complete any runs that they have missed for any reason, including injury. The chief referee shall consider the extent to which the problem was self-inflicted, but other factors such as time and any necessary rearrangement of the track or targets may also be considered.

11.6 The chief referee may, at their discretion, rule that a competitor is not safe to continue, either through injury or through lack of competence.

11.7 It is possible for tighter local rules to apply regarding falls. Competitors must be advised of these in advance, i.e. at the competitors meeting.

12.1 If a competitor’s equipment fails then they shall be permitted to replace it. This includes, but is not limited to, the bow coming unstrung, breaking of bows, bowstrings, other archery equipment or riding tack. In such circumstances the competitor shall ordinarily be permitted 15 minutes to replace/repair the equipment; the chief referee may extend this time if they wish.

12.2 A competitor’s failure to enter the track for their run shall not count as a refusal under rule 11.1 during the time allowed by the chief referee for the replacement of failed equipment under rule 12.1.

12.3 A competitor shall not be permitted a rerun solely on the grounds that their equipment failed during a run.

13.1 All competitors, supporting staff (including but not limited to coaches, grooms and team managers) and spectators shall conduct themselves in a sportsmanlike fashion. Unacceptable behaviour on the part of spectators or supporting staff may result in penalties against the competitor to whom the offenders relate.

13.2 Unnecessarily rough or cruel handling of the horses is forbidden.
13.2.1 Evidence of bleeding on a horse's flank(s), in its mouth or nose, or marks indicating excessive use of spurs or whipping will result in immediate elimination of the rider from the whole competition. Environmental causes such as insect bites, or if a horse has bitten its lip or tongue, shall not normally be cause for elimination.

13.3 Alcoholic drinks are prohibited in the start and finish areas, as well as in any area that is being used for shooting or riding.

13.4 No competitor shall consume any alcohol until they have concluded their riding and shooting for the day.

13.5 No competitor shall take any drug, whether prescribed or not, which may affect their ability to compete in a safe manner. For further rules regarding the use of medications or supplements by human or equine competitors see rule #19.

13.6 Any person acting in an unsafe or disruptive manner may be required to leave the event, at the discretion of the chief referee.

13.7 Infringement of any provision of rules 13.1-13.6 may be penalised by warning, the deduction of points or disqualification. This shall be determined by the chief referee, who shall bear in mind the seriousness of the behaviour and (where applicable) the competitor’s response to a warning. Competitors thus penalised may appeal under Rule 14.
13.7.1 Serious infractions that occur at IHAA accredited competitions will be reported to the IHAA and repeat offenders will face sanctions.

14.1 A competitor may protest if they feel that their run was unfairly affected by some outside influence. Such influence may include, but is not limited to, undue distraction by spectators or others near the track. A change in weather does not count as grounds for a rerun.

14.2 Any protest under rule 14.1 must be lodged before the competitor’s next run.

14.3 A protest under rule 14.1 may be lodged with any official, who shall communicate the protest to the chief referee as soon as possible.

14.4 If a competitor lodges a protest in good time and as a result of lodging the protest they are late for their next run then their lateness shall not count as a refusal under rule 11.1, so the competitor shall not forfeit such a run.

14.5 In the event of a protest under rule 14.1, the chief referee may, at his discretion, allow the competitor to attempt the run again. If this is allowed then the score on the rerun shall stand in place of any score achieved on the original run, even if the original run scored more highly.

14.6 When considering whether to allow a rerun following a protest, the referee shall consider the extent to which any outside influence was foreseeable or greater than that experienced by other competitors. In particular, if the protest stems from distraction by spectators or others near the track then the referee shall consider whether such distraction was no more than should have been expected, bearing in mind the event and the crowd conditions in general.

15.1 Prior to the start of competition an Appeals Committee should be selected. It should consist of 6 people: 2 judges (chief referee and one other), 2 people nominated by the organiser, and 2 people nominated by the competitors. All should be well versed in the rules.
15.1.1 In the event of an appeal a panel of 3 persons from the appeals committee will be convened. The requirement to use 3 people from the committee means that if any of the appeals committee has a conflict of interest (they are the subject of the appeal, or the same club or national team as the complainant) they can remove themselves from potential selection for that panel.

15.2 The appeals committee will deal with any queries regarding the validity of scores, or refereeing decisions. Including, but not limited to:
a. Any ruling by the chief referee
b. Any decision as to whether a competitor drew their arrows early
c. Any score awarded by a target judge
d. The time recorded for a run
e. Any other alleged infraction of the rules, save where an appeal is expressly forbidden by the rules.
15.2.1 A competitor may appeal in relation to those matters mentioned in rule #15.2 in relation to their own run or any other competitor’s run.

15.3 Should a rider disagree with the chief referee’s decision regarding changing a lame or dangerous horse, that decision may be challenged via the appeals committee.

15.4 To lodge an appeal the concern should be announced immediately and then written down and given to the chief referee.

15.5 The competition organisers may (but need not) require a competitor to deposit a sum of money when lodging the appeal. If this is required then the sum shall be not more than E50 or the equivalent in local currency.
15.5.1 Whether a deposit is required must be clearly stated in advance in the rules for that competition and must be enforced equally among the competitors.
15.5.2 It is permissible to distinguish between senior and junior competitors for the purpose of this rule. Any such distinction must be specified in the rules in advance.
15.5.3 Where a money deposit is required under rule 15.5, the entire sum must be returned to the competitor following a successful appeal.
15.5.4 Should an appeal be unsuccessful, any money deposited under rule 15.5 shall be disposed of as specified in the rules. If the rules do not specify otherwise then the money shall go to the hosting organisation.

16.1 There shall be a meeting for all competitors, to be held not more than 24 hours before the competition begins. At this meeting the rules and procedures for the competition shall be explained and competitors shall have the opportunity to ask any questions they may have.
16.1.1 If there are local rules regarding safety or welfare that differ from the standard IHAA rules they must be clearly stated to competitors at this meeting. Eg: all competitors must wear a riding helmet, competitors on the Hunt track must wear a rigid body/back protector, a single fall on the Hunt track will require a rider to retire from the whole event (not just from the current run).

16.2 All competitors must attend the competitors’ meeting unless excused by the chief referee. Any competitor who, without prior permission, does not attend the meeting may, at the chief referee’s discretion, be prevented from competing in the competition.

17.1 At the start of each group competitors should be introduced to spectators if time and audio equipment allow.

17.2 In the case of a tie for first place the winner is the competitor with the higher number of target points. In the event of a continued tie the higher number of 5 point scores (or 7 points scores for Hunt Track) would determine the winner.
17.2.1 This method should be used if the tie is for an individual win of a single event or a whole HBAE competition.
17.2.2 This method should be used if the tie is for a team win of a single event or a whole HBAE competition. Where the 3 highest scores from a team of 4 have been used to calculate a team total (as 18.4), the target points for those same 3 team members should be used to decide a tie.

17.3 Results sheets must be issued to competitors before the final results of an event are announced. Competitors will have 15 minutes to appeal perceived errors.

17.4 At the end of a competition team points and placings should be provided for team captains to check before the results are formally announced.

18.1 The HBAE discipline must comprise the 3 events: Tower, Raid and Hunt
18.1.1 Ordinarily this will be the Tower-110, the Raid 2-3-5, and the Hunt event
18.1.2 Where track length is restricted to 90m a short-course variant may be run. This is the Tower-90, Raid 2-3-3 and Hunt event.

18.2 In each event a competitor is awarded match points determined by their score relative to the highest score in that event, at this competition. ie. where RIDER A has the top score and we are calculating the match points for RIDER F: ( [score for RIDER F] divided by [score for RIDER A] ), multiplied by 100.

18.3 A competitor’s final score is the sum of his match points for all 3 events, so the highest possible total is 300 match points ie. [Rider F TOWER match points] + [Rider F RAID match points] + [Rider F HUNT match points] = final score for Rider F

18.4 It is permitted to run a "finals" after the main HBAE competition to determine the overall individual winner. Qualification would be based on the 3-event HBAE score.
18.4.1 Each of the 3 HBAE events and the final (whatever format that takes) should contribute equally to the end score; i.e. a competitor's final score is out of a maximum possible 400 match points, with the Tower, Raid, Hunt and final each contributing a maximum of 100 match points.

18.5 When determining a team total from a team of riders the individual final scores (from 18.3) will be added together ie. If, for example, there is a national team of 4 attending and the top 3 scores comprise the “Team total”. This will be the sum of the top 3 "final scores" (the combination of an individual’s Tower+Raid+Hunt scores) not the top 3 scores from that team for each event of Tower, Raid, and Hunt (ie. the score in 18.2)

18.6 The championship rules will state the maximum size allowed for a team. The individuals forming this team must be stated in writing or by email, by the team manager (or team captain if there is no manager), before the championships commences. Additional riders from that country may participate in the competition, if they are offered a space, but their score may not go towards the team score.
18.6.1 If a team member is disqualified or withdraws from the competition after it starts another competitor may not be substituted. If disqualified, a competitor's scores cannot be counted, if they withdraw then all scores up to that point may be used if necessary.
18.6.2 Competitors of any age may form a team (unless in an age restricted championships).
18.6.3 A team must be a minimum size, ie. if the top 3 scores are used for the team total a country may not enter a team with only 1 or 2 competitors. If there are only 1-2 riders from a country present, they may only be counted within the individual ranking, not team ranking.
18.6.4 In the Grand Prix series, rule 18.6.3 does not apply, due to the difficulties of attendance over the whole series. If a GP team contains fewer then 3 members at a particular stage, the scores of those riders will simply be added, there is no allowance made / average calculated.

Horseback archery has had, and continues to have, a particularly high level of integrity and friendliness at all levels of competition. This is something that the IHAA are very keen to preserve. However we must be realistic that with increased professionalism in our sport, introduction of cash prizes and growth in participation we cannot take this for granted and must start to take steps to protect this honourability.
- The IHAA has no plans at present to carry out widespread or random testing on human or equine athletes; these rules should be followed on an honour system. However suspicions or reports of contraventions may be followed up on an individual basis and investigated by the IHAA Appeals Committee. They may issue penalties and consider appeals as per FEI/WADA guidelines; whilst taking into account the complication of hiring and sharing horses in our sport.
- We do not intend to require Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUE) at the current time – if human or equine athletes require medication for genuine health purposes they should be used under medical or veterinary guidance. We will accept retrospective letters from your doctor or veterinary surgeon in the case of investigation of suspicions of doping. However if in the future we believe that there is widespread contravention of the anti-doping rules then we may start to require proactive applications for TUEs in common with standard FEI/WADA rules, and start to apply standard FEI/WADA penalties.

19.1 As a member of FITE, the IHAA upholds the FEI rules on fair play and clean sport for both human and equine athletes
19.1.1 The rules apply to competitors in IHAA international competitions; but the spirit of the rules applies to all.

19.2 The IHAA stands with other international sports bodies, including the IOC, FEI and FITE, in our commitment to fight all forms of cheating that threaten both the integrity and essence of sport, as well endangering health.

19.3 Anti-doping programs seek to preserve what is intrinsically valuable about sport; often referred to as "the spirit of sport". This “spirit of sport” is the pursuit of human excellence through the dedicated perfection of each person’s natural talents; celebration of the human spirit, body and mind, and in equestrianism the talents of the equine athlete too, plus the relationship between horse and rider. It is reflected in values we find in and through sport, including:
• Ethics, fair play and honesty
• Health
• Excellence in performance
• Character and education
• Fun and joy
• Teamwork
• Dedication and commitment
• Respect for rules and laws
• Respect for self and other participants
• Courage
• Community and solidarity
Doping is fundamentally contrary to the spirit of sport.

19.4 The FEI publishes an 'Equine Prohibited Substances List' (EPSL) which is available from the FEI website as a pdf, an online database and a mobile app. This enables Persons Responsible (PRs) to ensure that they are not treating or feeding horses with substances that are prohibited for use during competition and substances that are not permitted for use in the horse at any time.
19.4.1 Prohibited Substances are categorised as follows: Banned Substances are substances that are deemed by the FEI to have no legitimate use in the competition horse and/or have a high potential for abuse. They are not permitted for use in the competition horse at any time. Controlled Medication are substances that are deemed by the FEI to have therapeutic value and/or be commonly used in equine medicine. Controlled Medications have the potential to affect performance and/or be a welfare risk to the horse. Withdrawal times are available for controlled medications that may be required for therapeutic purposes in competition horses. These can be found under “detection times” on the FEI website.
19.4.2 Athletes and their support teams are strongly encouraged to work closely with their veterinarians when administering substances to horses. The FEI has published a warning regarding the use of supplements (including herbal supplements) and products of which the ingredients are unknown. Any substances which affect the performance of a horse in a calming (tranquillising) or an energising (stimulant) manner and which contain a Prohibited Substance are forbidden. Athletes should also be aware that the use of a calming product during competition may also have important safety consequences.

19.5 As a Signatory of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Code, the FEI has developed Anti-Doping Rules for Human Athletes in compliance with the Code as well as with WADA’s International Standards
19.5.1 Athletes have a duty to:
- Be familiar with the WADA Prohibited List and to always be updated on the latest version.
- Ask their doctor or pharmacist (in the case of over the counter medication) to verify whether that medication, supplement or treatment involves Prohibited Substances or Methods.
- Be extremely cautious with and generally avoid dietary and nutritional supplements. Never assume that a product is safe to use simply because it is a supplement. Many supplements contain undeclared ingredients including illegal stimulants, steroids, and prescription medications.
19.5.2 WADA’s list of Prohibited Substances and Methods is available online and as a PDF. It includes:
- Substances and methods prohibited at all times (including beta blockers for archery)
- Substances prohibited during competition

19.6 Protecting the credibility and the integrity of equestrian sport through prevention of competition manipulation by athletes and the officials, plus athletes' support personnel such as trainers, owners, grooms, veterinarians.
19.6.1 Match fixing, deliberately losing a match to meet an easier opponent in the next phase of competition and the sharing of inside information are all prohibited.
19.6.2 In the absence of betting on horseback archery events the following points are only marginally relevant but still worthy of stating. Athletes, Officials and Athletes' Support Personnel: Must neither bet on their own discipline or on any other disciplines or competitions of the Event, nor manipulate a competition, nor share inside information. Must always report an approach to manipulate or anything suspicious.
19.6.3 Anyone who encounters or suspects manipulation at any time has the obligation to speak out. Talk to someone you trust like your trainer, national federation or email the IHAA directly.

IHAA Tower tracks: T110 & T90 Rules #1-3 pertain to all the HBAE Tower tracks. #4 details T-110, #5 details T-90


1. Set-up

1.1 The track shall be straight and 110m (T110) or 90m (T90) long between the start and finish lines.
1.1.1 There should be barriers on both sides of the track for its full length.
1.1.2 There should be adequate run-in / run-out space at either end of the track, as per General & Competition rules #8.4 .

1.2 The start and finish lines are clearly marked. Where electronic timing is being used the timing gates will be located here.
1.2.1 The first and last 5 m of the track, ie just within the start- and finish lines, is to be clearly demarcated so that both right & left-handers have a warning that they are approaching the finish line.

1.3 The target tower, supporting three target faces, is located halfway between the start- and finish lines and 9m from the inside edge of the track.
1.3.1 The centre of the target faces is at a height of 180cm ±20cm above the plane of the track.
1.3.2 The middle target faces the midpoint of the track. The side targets are fixed with an interior angle of 114 +2 degrees to the middle target, so that they face a point 20-25m from the midpoint of the track.
1.3.3 Diagram of setup
[IMAGE]

1.4 The target faces shall be round and composed of five concentric zones with diameters of 90cm, 72cm, 54cm, 36cm and 18cm.
1.4.1 The colours of the zones are not specified but the official IHAA Tower target is shown with (outer to inner) red, white, green, black and yellow target zones.


2. Procedure

2.1 The IHAA Tower Style consists of 8 runs (T110) or 6 runs (T90).
2.1.1 An abridged 4 run version of the T90 is permitted for special circumstances.
2.1.2 The archer is allowed 2 test runs in canter before the scored competition runs, shooting is allowed on both runs. At the judge’s/organisers’ discretion warm up runs on the track at walk or trot, with no shooting, may be permitted prior to these.

2.2 All shots MUST be taken at canter or gallop.
2.2.1 The horse should be in canter or gallop between the start and finish line.
2.2.2 If there is a prolonged or tactical break in pace the rider will score 0 for that run; however if the rider immediately corrects a break in pace then the run will be scored as normal.

2.3 The archer may carry the arrows in either hand; or in a quiver, belt or sash.
2.3.1 Rules on permitted quivers are on p6 (General & competition rules #3.5)

2.4 The archer may start the run with one arrow nocked on the string.
2.4.1 Arrows should be shot only between the start line and finish line, as determined by when the archer’s body crosses the line.

2.5 There is no limit on how many arrows the archer may shoot and all eligible arrows hitting the targets count.
2.5.1 Any arrow shot outside the track (beyond the start or finish) or when the horse has broken gait (out of canter/gallop) will score 0 points regardless of where it hits. If the judge is unable to determine which of several arrows in the target is the one in question, the highest scoring arrow of those under consideration should be disallowed.


3. Scoring

TARGET POINTS

3.1 All targets score as follows (inner ring outwards): 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 points.
3.1.1 The archer is awarded the target score of all eligible arrows shot (see 2.5.1)

TIME BONUS

3.2 To get a time bonus the archer must have shot 3 or more arrows within the track and hit the targets with 1 arrow or more.
3.2.1 It is not necessary to record the number of arrows shot, only whether there were sufficient to collect time points (ie. 3 arrows or more) or too few arrows to collect time points (1 or 2).
3.2.2 An arrow is “shot” if, in the opinion of the referee, a reasonable attempt was made to hit the target.
3.2.3 If a referee feels that a competitor is not making a reasonable attempt to hit the target with some of their required “3 arrows”, in the first instance that competitor should be given a verbal warning and the speed points allowed for that attempt. If the referee feels that the problem continues then they may disallow the shot and the speed points may not be awarded on that attempt.

3.3 The raw time bonus is 1 point per second (or part thereof) for going faster than the time limit.
3.3.1 The archer’s time should be noted with 2 decimals (if using an electronic timer, or to 1 decimal place if using a stopwatch); according to General & competition rules #10 (see p15)
3.3.2 Multiplication factors are applied to the raw time bonus depending on certain criteria (see rules #4.4, 5.4 & 6.4).

TIME PENALTY

3.4 A time penalty is occurred for those exceeding the time limit of the track (22s for T110, 18s for T90)
3.4.1 A penalty of 5 points is incurred for just exceeding the set time a little. This buffer zone is 2 seconds for T110 and T90.
3.4.2 If the recorded time is slower than this buffer zone the rider scores zero points (on that run only), ie all target points are lost.

TOTAL SCORING

3.5 The target points and the time bonus/penalty for each run should be added together for that run’s score
3.5.1 If the competitor fails to score any hits on the targets, they score 0 for that run (as per 3.2.1), regardless of time taken.
3.5.2 The archer can never receive fewer than 0 points for a run, even if the time penalty is higher than the target points.
3.5.3 The scores of all runs should be added together for a total score.


4. Specific details for the T110

[track diagram]

4.1 The timed track shall be 110m long. The target tower is located opposite the midway point, ie. 55m

4.2 There shall be 8 competition runs
4.2.1 The archer is allowed 2 test runs in canter before the scored competition

4.3 The run has a time limit of 22s

4.4 The raw time bonus will be modified with a multiplier based on the number of arrows hit and how fast the run was:
4.4.1 multiplier of 0.5 if the archer hits with 1 arrow
4.4.2 multiplier of 1.0 (ie no change) if the archer hits with 2 arrows
4.4.3 multiplier of 1.0 (ie no change) if the archer hits with 3 or more arrows with a time 14.01s or slower
4.4.4 multiplier of 1.5 if the archer hits with 3 or more arrows AND has a time 14.00s or faster.

4.5 A time penalty of 5 points is incurred for completing the track in 22.01-24s.
4.6 Zero points are awarded for the run if >24s; regardless of arrow points.


5. Specific details for the T90

[track diagram]

5.1 The timed track shall be 90m long. The target tower is located opposite the midway point, ie. 45m

5.2 In a standard competition there shall be 6 runs
5.2.1 In special circumstances an abridged 4 run version is permitted
5.2.2 The archer is allowed 2 test runs in canter before the scored competition

5.3 The run has a time limit of 18s

5.4 The raw time bonus will be modified with a multiplier based on the number of arrows hit and how fast the run was:
5.4.1 multiplier of 0.5 if the archer hits with 1 arrow
5.4.2 multiplier of 1.0 (ie no change) if the archer hits with 2 arrows
5.4.3 multiplier of 1.5 if the archer hits with 3 or more arrows

5.5 A time penalty of 5 points is incurred for completing the track in 18.01-20s.

5.6 Zero points are awarded for the run if >20s; regardless of arrow points

1. Track

1.1 The course is a several hundred meters long winding track across country. The details of the route will depend on the local terrain and/or ground conditions.

1.2 The organiser will nominate the number of runs made of the track(s). *
1.2.1 If there is to be just 1 single run of a long track then there must be a timing gate approximately halfway along the track (so that the distance is similar and rules #2.1-#2.4 are fulfilled on both halves).
1.2.2 There may be multiple runs of one track in the same direction, or one track in opposite directions, or different tracks.
1.2.3 Where competition consists of a single long run the maximum track length is 1500m. Where competition consists of multiple runs, the combined track length should not exceed 1500m; i.e. a maximum length of 750m if 2 runs, or 500m if 3 runs.

1.3 The width of the track is 3 – 5 m. Track width may vary along its length depending on terrain conditions.
1.3.1 The track doesn’t have to be fenced along its full length. The route may follow well worn tracks with or without natural barriers. It may consist of open fields in places.
1.3.2 The route must not be dangerous for horses. If there is such an area (for example with a steep incline or poor footing), competitors must not be timed while passing through this area so that horses can come through carefully at a slow pace without incurring time penalties.

1.4 The track must not be one big loop only in one direction, nor a long straight line. It must have changes of direction, both to the left and right. It is the choice of the course designer how many corners are included on the track, and how tight the bends are (this would be determined by the space available, the terrain, and how difficult the course designer wishes to make the track).

1.5 Riders must follow the designated route of the track, through its full distance – start to finish. No shortcuts may be taken. In open / unfenced areas the specified route should still be followed; if the competitor leaves the designated route where there is no fence they must re-enter the track at the same location (the timer is not stopped).

1.6 The track may be slightly uneven and may include small obstacles no higher than 50 cm (however jumping must always be optional, with an alternative route available).

1.7 For left handed competitors the track must be comparable to that for right handers. Terrain and conditions, especially slope, should be considered. Left handed competitors may run the track in the opposite direction (flat terrain) or in the same direction (sloped terrain). In the latter situation, targets must be repositioned in such a way that the mix and difficulty of shots is the same as for right handers.

1.8 The number of runs of the track(s) and target points available should allow a potential maximum Hunt track score that is comparable with other styles run in the competition


2. Targets

2.1 The minimum number of targets is 6. The maximum number is 30 targets (on a single long track), 15 targets (if 2 runs of the track) or 10 targets (if 3 runs).
2.1.1 On a long track (as 1.2.1) there must be a minimum of 6 targets on each half-track. Rules #2.2-2.4 must be applied to each half-track).
2.1.2 The size and shape of targets, their height above the ground and their distance from the track may vary.

2.2 One or two targets (but no more) must be set flat on the ground, near the edge of the track (for a downward shot).

2.3 At least one target must be set for an offside shot (ie. a right-side shot for a right-handed archer).
2.3.1 Offside targets must be positioned so that it is possible to shoot them without changing bow hand, ie. the angle of this target is not beyond a 45 degrees forward/offside angle from the direction of travel.
2.3.2 Offside shots must not account for more than 30% of all targets in a course.

2.4 There must be at least one long distance shot, ie. where the target is 30m or more from the track edge.

2.5 The first target must be 15m or more from the start line. The last target must not be within 15m of the finishing line.

2.6 The distance between two shots must be at least 30 m. This applies to the point at which the shot is taken, ie. the position on the track from which the archer views the target as perpendicular to them. In reality the targets themselves may be closer than 30m.

2.7 Merida targets are permitted and must only be shot with sharp fluflu arrows.
2.7.1 Merida targets are defined as raised targets where the angle of shot is approximately 45 degrees above the horizontal. They would normally be placed so that they are within 45 degrees left or right of the direction of forward travel (beware placing them above the track in case arrows bounce back onto the track towards the competitor). They may be placed so they are shot as the rider has passed under them and is riding away.
2.7.2 The Merida target must be 50-70cm in diameter.
2.7.3 Non-fluflu arrows that are shot at the Merida target will not be scored.
2.7.4 Organisers may require inspection of fluflus prior to competing, to ensure that the fluflu fletchings are in good condition and able to work effectively.

2.8 Qabaq targets must not be included on a Hunt track.


3. Prior to competition

3.1 The organiser of a Hunt track event must communicate to competitors, well in advance of the competition, how many targets there will be on the track (or on the longest track if there are more than one), and whether there is a Merida target. This will allow competitors to bring sufficient arrows and fluflu fletched sharps if appropriate, and one or multiple quivers that can carry them all.

3.2 The organiser must inform all competitors when the Hunt track is open for viewing/walking on foot and whether horses may be led or ridden around the track to familiarise them. The opportunities must be the same for all competitors.

3.3 If there is an obstacle within the track the organiser must provide a jump in the practice area so that competitors on hire horses can practise jumping during the days preceding the Hunt track event.

3.4 Before the competition, the competitors will be granted the possibility of at least one test run on the track in walk, trot or gallop, although no shooting is allowed.


4. Procedure

4.1 Riders may start with one arrow nocked or held in the bow hand or string hand, all other arrows must be in quivers or a belt/sash.
4.1.1 Quivers permitted are as per the IHAA standard (IHAA general rules 3.5) ie. quivers attached to the rider's body, belt or upper leg.
4.1.2 Once through the start gate, riders may retrieve arrows from the quiver or belt; either one at a time for immediate shooting, or several at once to be held in either hand.
4.1.3 The only exception to 4.1 is if there is a Merida target near the start. In this case the chief referee for that event may specify that riders are allowed to start with a fluflu in the hand in addition to having a regular arrow nocked.

4.2 Arrows may not be shot before the start or after the finish (determined by when the rider's body passes the start/finish line).

4.3 All shots MUST be taken at canter or gallop.
4.3.1 If arrows are shot whilst at a slower pace they will not be scored.
4.3.2 It is permitted to ride at a slower pace between shots.

4.4 There is no limit to the number of arrows which may be shot at a target.
4.4.1 Generally, only a single arrow may score on a target. If more than one hits, the highest scoring arrow will be counted.
4.4.2 The exception to 4.4.1 is for long distance shots (over 30m distance) where all arrows to hit the target will be scored.
4.4.3 In the event that multiple arrows were shot at the target and one is not eligible to be scored due to a break in pace (#4.3.1); if the judge is unable to determine which of several arrows in the target is the one in question, the highest scoring arrow of those under consideration should be disallowed.

4.5 A fall (by the rider and/or horse) on the track, will require the competitor to retire and they will score zero points for that run.
4.5.1 A medical check by a first aider or paramedic is mandatory after a fall (as per General & competition rules #11.4). The chief referee may require that a horse is trotted up or is examined by a veterinarian before they continue on subsequent runs.
4.5.2 Local rules that do not allow a competitor to restart on the Hunt track at all after a fall (i.e. restarting on a subsequent run or on the 2nd half of the track) may take precedence over the standard IHAA rules. Competitors must be warned of any such local rules at the competitors' meeting.
4.5.3 If a rider falls twice during a Hunt track event (during their starts or on the track) they must retire from the rest of the event. They may keep any points from runs successfully completed up till that point (but as per 4.5 they will score zero for runs on which they fell).

4.6 A horse and rider committing a run-out, or making an uncorrected deviation from the route in an open section of track, will require the competitor to retire and they will score zero points for that run.
4.6.1 It is intended that the judge should use their discretion regarding run-outs. Loss of control of the horse in an open area, jumping over or running through and breaking the fence is definitely a run-out. More minor errors such as putting a hoof under the fence, or putting some tension on the fence but regaining control of the horse's direction and bringing him back on track before the fence is broken, should not be classed as a run-out. If the competitor leaves the designated route in an open area but rectifies the error without suffering a loss of control and re-enters the track at the same place that they left, they may be permitted to continue.

4.7 Should a competitor have a significant equipment failure (eg. unstrung bow, broken tack) or difficulty with their horse, they should decide whether they can just ride to the end without further shooting and keep what points they have; or whether they must retire from that run and score zero. Equipment failure of any kind is not considered a reason for a rerun.
4.7.1 If on a long single track see rule 4.9.
4.7.2 It is permitted for a rider to stop and dismount if necessary to correct their equipment failure, then to remount and complete their run. No penalty will be applied other than the time penalties incurred (the clock should continue to run). There must be no outside assistance in rectifying the problem or remounting.

4.8 If a rider's horse is lame they should stop and consult the chief referee. If he is satisfied that there is a problem he may grant them permission to start that run again on a new horse.

4.9 If the Hunt track event of a competition consists of a single run of a long track there must be a timing gate at approximately halfway (see 1.2.1). This provision allows competitors that are required to retire (and score zero) on the first half of the track to have the opportunity to score in the second half of the track; as they would have done had the competition consisted of 2 runs of a shorter track.
4.9.1 This applies for run-outs (4.6) and for falls (4.5) unless local rules on falls take precedence.
4.9.2 It also applies when a competitor has retired due to significant equipment failure (4.7).
4.9.3 Unless there are medical concerns to attend to (a fall or lame horse) or equipment to fix/replace, competitors should advance immediately to the area before the halfway timing gate and wait for a signal from the referee that the judges are ready for the competitor to restart.
4.9.4 If restarting must be delayed the competitor should speak to the chief referee and they should agree a realistic restart time. See IHAA general rules 11.4 (medical attention), 12.1 (equipment failures), 4.9 (change of horse).

4.10 In the event of a rider retiring (for any reason) in the 2nd half of a single long track, they retain the points and time score for the first half of the track.


5. Scoring

5.1 Arrow hits are scored as follows:
5.1.1 80cm round targets with 5 concentric zones (traditional design preferred, but alternatively WA80/FITA80 face): 7 – 5 – 4 – 2 – 1 points (inner ring outwards).
5.1.2 Long distance shots, ie. over 30m (any big visible target, set upon the ground or raised slightly): any hit on target = 10 pts. The organiser may decide to have a zone around this target, usually 5x5m; arrows landing in this zone = 5pts.
5.1.3 2D hunter targets: inner kill zone = 7 pts, kill zone = 5 pts, within the body outline (not including legs, antlers/horns, tail or similar) = 3 pts, elsewhere on the front of the target = 2 pts.
5.1.4 3D target: inner kill zone = 7 pts, kill zone = 5 pts, body = 4 pts, peripheral area of target (eg. legs, antlers/horns, tail or ground/tree support) = 2 pts.
If no kill zones are marked, the target will have a maximum possible score of 4pts.
5.1.4.1 The chief referee should clarify how the targets will be scored, and where the kill zones are (unless this is obvious), before the competition starts.
5.1.5 Merida target: hit = 5 pts, miss = 0 pts, (hit with a non-fluflu arrow = 0 pts)

5.2 Whatever the type of the target, if it is within 30m of the track edge, only one arrow will be scored (if several arrows hit, the highest scoring arrow will be counted).
5.2.1 For long distance shots (over 30m) all arrows to hit the target will be scored. If a zone on the ground is being scored, all arrows to hit within this zone will be counted.
5.2.2 See rule 4.4.3 if one of several shots at a target must be disallowed

5.3 The average speed for riding the track is 350m/min.
5.3.1 The par time for the course (in minutes) is calculated by dividing the length of the track (in metres) by 350 m/min.
5.3.2 Where a single long track has a timing gate in the middle, the par time for each half track is calculated in the same manner; 350 m/min.
5.3.3 The chief referee can extend the par time for the course (prior to starting) due to adverse ground conditions, or difficult terrain. *

5.4 Time points are awarded at a rate of 0.5pts for every second that a competitor's time is faster than the par time.
5.4.1 A time penalty is deducted at a rate of 0.5pts for every second that a competitor's time is slower than the par time.
5.4.2 Times are recorded to the nearest 0.01s for electronic timing or to the nearest 0.1s for manual timing.
5.4.3 Where electronic timing is used there must be a backup system of manual timing in case of timing equipment failure

5.5 In order to collect their time points a competitor must hit a minimum number of targets; this is calculated as a third of the total number of targets rounded to the nearest whole number (i.e. 6-7 targets - 2 hits required, 8-10 targets - 3 hits required). The total number of targets and the number of hits required to collect time points must both be stated in the competitors' meeting.
5.5.1 Time penalties are deducted irrespective of how many targets were hit.
5.5.2 When an incident necessitates a score to be calculated for the 1st or 2nd half of the track only, the number of targets that must be hit in that half run to earn time points is dictated by the number of targets within that half run, according to #5.5.

5.6 Target points are awarded irrespective of how many targets were hit.

5.7 Bonus points are awarded when a competitor jumps an obstacle (see 1.6):
a. 3 points if it is a simple jump - ie not associated with a target
b. Where an obstacle is paired with a target; 5 points if the jump is taken AND the target is shot at (this bonus is in addition to the target score and is not dependent on hitting the target)
c. Where an obstacle is paired with a target; no points are awarded for the jump if the competitor did not attempt to shoot the target associated with that jump
5.7.1 There is no penalty for avoiding or refusing an obstacle.

5.8 A competitor's score is the sum of the target points and bonus points for jumping an obstacle (if applicable), plus any time bonus or minus any time penalty.
5.8.1 The total score for a run cannot be less than zero.

5.9 If two or more competitors have the same result, the one with more target points will win.
5.9.1 In the event of a continued tie after #5.9 the competitor with more 7 point hits will win.


*Guidance notes:
1.2 The length and number of runs on 1 or more tracks should be appropriate to how many days of competition the horses have had, and the number of riders per horse.
2.7 Organisers should ensure that Merida targets are only included in the course if there is certainty of having a safe overshoot zone, that is still safe should somebody accidentally shoot a normal sharp arrow (ie. one with regular fletching, rather than fluflu fletching) at the target and miss. Merida targets should be in good repair and made of a material that is unlikely to cause bouncers. Arrow nets should be used as necessary to catch misses.
3.3.3 The par time for a track should not be altered once the competition has started. If the organisers believe that ground conditions have changed since testing of the track and that alterations to the par time may be necessary, then test runs on slow and fast horses should happen before the competition commences to check and alter the time.

1. 1. Set-up

1.1 The track shall be straight and 60m between the start and finish lines
1.1.1 There should be barriers on both sides of the track for its full length.
1.1.2 There should be adequate run-in / run-out space at either end of the track, as per General & Competition rules #8.4 .

1.2 The start and finish lines are clearly marked. Where electronic timing is being used the timing gates will be located here.
1.2.1 The first and last 5 m of the track, ie just within the start- and finish lines, is to be clearly demarcated so that both right & left-handers have a warning that they are approaching the finish line.

1.3 The target tower, supporting three target faces, is located halfway between the start- and finish lines and 9m from the inside edge of the track.
1.3.1 The centre of the target faces is at a height of 180cm ±20cm above the plane of the track.
1.3.2 The middle target faces the midpoint of the track, ie 30m. The side targets are fixed with an interior angle of 114 +2 degrees to the middle target, so that they face a point 20-25m from the midpoint of the track.
1.3.3 Diagram of setup:

1.4 The target faces shall be round and composed of five concentric zones with diameters of 90cm, 72cm, 54cm, 36cm and 18cm.
1.4.1 The colours of the zones are not specified but the official IHAA Tower target has (outer to inner) red, white, green, black and yellow target zones.


2. Procedure

2.1 The T60 consists of 6 runs.
2.1.1 An abridged 4 run version of the T60 is permitted for special circumstances.
2.1.2 The archer is allowed 2 test runs in canter before the scored competition runs, shooting is allowed on both runs. At the judge’s/organisers’ discretion warm up runs on the track at walk or trot, with no shooting, may be permitted prior to these.

2.2 All shots MUST be taken at canter or gallop.
2.2.1 The horse should be in canter or gallop between the start and finish line.
2.2.2 If there is a prolonged or tactical break in pace the rider will score 0 for that run; however if the rider immediately corrects a break in pace then the run will be scored as normal.

2.3 The archer may carry the arrows in either hand; or in a quiver, belt or sash.
2.3.1 Rules on permitted quivers are on p6 (General & competition rules #3.5)

2.4 The archer may start the run with one arrow nocked on the string.
2.4.1 Arrows should be shot only between the start line and finish line, as determined by when the archer’s body crosses the line.

2.5 There is no limit on how many arrows the archer may shoot and all eligible arrows hitting the targets count.
2.5.1 Any arrow shot outside the track (beyond the start or finish) or when the horse has broken gait (out of canter/gallop) will score 0 points regardless of where it hits. If the judge is unable to determine which of several arrows in the target is the one in question, the highest scoring arrow of those under consideration should be disallowed.


3. Scoring

TARGET POINTS
3.1 All targets score as follows (inner ring outwards): 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 points.
3.1.1 The archer is awarded the target score of all eligible arrows shot (see 2.5.1)

TIME BONUS
3.2 To get a time bonus the archer must have shot 2 or more arrows within the track and hit the targets with 1 arrow or more.
3.2.1 It is not necessary to record the number of arrows shot, only whether there were sufficient to collect time points (ie. 2 arrows or more) or too few arrows to collect time points (1 arrow).
3.2.2 An arrow is “shot” if, in the opinion of the referee, a reasonable attempt was made to hit the target.
3.2.3 If a referee feels that a competitor is not making a reasonable attempt to hit the target with some of their required “2 arrows”, in the first instance that competitor should be given a verbal warning and the speed points allowed for that attempt. If the referee feels that the problem continues then they may disallow the shot and the speed points may not be awarded on that attempt.

3.3 The raw time bonus is 1 point per second (or part thereof) for going faster than the time limit.
3.3.1 the archer’s time should be noted with 2 decimals (if using an electronic timer, or to 1 decimal place if using a stopwatch); according to General & competition rules #10 (see p15)
3.3.2 The raw time bonus will be modified with a multiplier based on the number of arrows hit and how fast the run was:
- A multiplier of 0.5 if the archer hits with 1 arrow
- A multiplier of 1.0 (ie no change) if the archer hits with 2 arrows
- A multiplier of 1.5 if the archer hits with 3 or more arrows
TIME PENALTY
3.4 A time penalty is incurred for those exceeding 12s (the track time limit).
3.4.1 A time penalty of 5 points is incurred for completing the track in 12.01-13s. (i.e. within 1 second of the track time limit of 12s).
3.4.2 Zero points are awarded for the run if >13s (on that run only), regardless of arrow points; i.e. all target points are lost.

TOTAL SCORING
3.5 The target points and the time bonus/penalty for each run should be added together for that run’s score
3.5.1 If the competitor fails to score any hits on the targets, they score 0 for that run (as per 3.2.1), regardless of time taken.
3.5.2 The archer can never receive fewer than 0 points for a run, even if the time penalty is higher than the target points.
3.5.3 The scores of all runs should be added together for a total score.

1. Set-up

1.1 The track shall be straight and 90m long (or 150m for R1-2-5) between the start and finish lines
1.1.1 There should be barriers on both sides of the track for its full length.
1.1.2 There should be adequate run-in / run-out space at either end of the track, as per General & Competition rules #8.4 .
1.2 The start and finish lines must be clearly marked. Where electronic timing is being used the timing gates will be located here.

1.3 The targets shall be set at the positions indicated in the diagrams and the specific rules for single, double and serial shot.
1.3.1 They shall be set back 8m from the edge of the track for a square target (1.4a) or 7m from the edge of the track for a round target (1.4b)
1.3.2 Targets shall be set so the centre is at 90cm +\- 10cm above the ground, or lower. Measurements are relative to ground level within the track, ie. the target height should be adjusted appropriately if the ground slopes between the track and the location of the target.
1.3.3 Targets shall be angled on the horizontal plane so that the target faces the position indicated on the track diagram, and inclined on the vertical plane so that the face is perpendicular to an archer mounted on an average size horse.

1.4 The target faces shall be either:
a. A round target face with a diameter of 80cm, divided into 5 concentric circular zones (ie. a standard WA80(FITA80) target), set 7m from the edge of the track.
b. An 80 x 80cm square target face, divided into 5 evenly spaced concentric zones, set 8m from the edge of the track.
1.4.1 The zones are concentric circles / squares with a diameter/width of 16cm, 32cm, 48cm, 64cm and 80cm.


2. Procedure

2.1 The Raid standard rules event consists of a set of 6 runs comprised of a mix of two or three of the following: single shot, double shot and serial shot. The serial shot discipline may be either a triple shot or a five shot course.
2.1.1 There are predetermined sets for the Raid style and the grading table details which may be used towards S or HA grades. These include R1-2, R1-3, R1-2-3, R2-3, R1-2-5. The single, double and serial shot disciplines may be run in any order.
2.1.2 The archer is allowed 2 test runs in canter before scored competition or grading runs, shooting is allowed on both runs. At the judge’s/organisers’ discretion warm up runs on the track at walk or trot, with no shooting, may be permitted prior to these.

2.2 All shots MUST be taken at canter or gallop.
2.2.1 The horse should be in canter or gallop between the start and finish line.
2.2.2 If there is a prolonged or tactical break in pace the rider will score 0 for that run; however if the rider immediately corrects a break in pace then the run will be scored as normal.

2.3 Arrows must be individually drawn from a quiver, belt or sash. (Rules on permitted quivers are on p6 (General & competition rules #3.5)). Arrows may not be carried in the boot

2.4 Where the first target is at 30m (or more) from the start, competitors must not touch their arrows until they have passed the start line (ie. the single and double shot).
2.4.1 If the competitor touches the arrow before they have passed the start line, they shall score no points for the first arrow loosed at a target on that run. They may score with subsequent arrows loosed on subsequent targets on that run.

2.5 Where the first target is within 30m from the start, competitors may start with an arrow nocked (ie. the 90m and 150m serial shot). The remaining arrows must be in the quiver, belt or sash (as per #2.3).

2.6 Arrows must be shot only between the start line and finish line.

2.7 Only one arrow may be loosed at each target.
2.7.1 A competitor whose first arrow will score zero because they touched their arrows before the start line (#2.4) may still only loose as many arrows as there are targets in that run. Any arrows loosed beyond the allowed number for the run shall not count
2.7.2 If more than 1 arrows were shot at a target then the lowest scoring arrow (including arrows registering a 0 score for a miss) will be counted.

2.8 In respect of #2.4 & #2.6, the competitor shall be deemed to have crossed the start line when the rider’s body crosses the line, not when the horse does so.
2.8.1 A judge shall be positioned at the start line to determine any infractions to these rules;
2.8.2 The benefit of the doubt shall be given to the competitor. If the judge is not sure then no penalty shall be imposed.
2.9 Any arrow shot in contravention of #2.2 (breaking pace), #2.4 (touching early), #2.6 (outside the track) will score 0 points regardless of where it hits.


3. Scoring

TARGET POINTS
3.1 All targets score as follows (inner ring outwards): 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 points.
3.1.1 Arrows hitting the tiger/boar (where there is one) in the centre of the square target score 5pts, ie. the same as the zone it is within.
3.1.2 The archer is awarded the target score of all eligible arrows shot (see 2.9).

TIME BONUS
3.2 The par time for a run is 14s on a 90m track and 23s on a 150m track.
3.2.1 The track time for each run should be recorded to 2 decimal places (if using an electronic timer, or to 1 decimal place if using a stopwatch); according to General & competition rules #10 (see p15)

3.3 Speed points are awarded for completing a run faster than the par time, but the gain of speed points is capped at 10m/s. There is no further gain in points for those completing the track faster than this average speed (ie. 9s for 90m or 15s for 150m).
3.3.1 Speed points shall be awarded equal to 1 point per second (or part thereof) that the run is faster than the par time, up to the cap at 10m/s
3.3.2 The maximum number of points that may be awarded for speed on a 90m track is 5 (for completing the run in 9s or quicker). The maximum number of points that may be awarded for speed on a 150m track is 8 (for completing the run in 15s or quicker).
3.3.3 Speed points are only awarded for time if the competitor hits at least one target.
3.3.4 “Hits” means hits within the scoring zones of the target face. Arrows that hit the target boss but do not score points are not “hits” for the purpose of these rules.
3.4 For Children (see IHAA general rules #2.1 & #2.4) and those doing the IHAA Student Grades, no speed points are awarded. The only speed requirement is to remain in a canter throughout (as per #2.2.1).

TIME PENALTY
3.5 A time penalty is incurred for exceeding the par time for the track.
3.5.1 The time penalty incurred is equal to 1 point per second (or part thereof) that the run’s time exceeds the par time

3.6 For Children (see IHAA general rules #2.1 & #2.4) and those doing the IHAA Student Grades, no speed points are awarded. The only speed requirement is to remain in a canter throughout (as per #2.2.1).

MULTI-HIT BONUS
3.5 Multi-hit bonuses can be awarded on the serial shot with sufficient hits ("hits" counting as per #3.3.4) - see #4.7, #4.10

TOTAL SCORING
3.6 The target points, the time bonus/penalty and multi-hit bonus points for each run should be added together for that run’s score
3.6.1 If the competitor fails to score any hits on the targets (as per #3.3.4), they score 0 for that run, regardless of time taken.
3.6.2 The archer can never receive fewer than 0 points for a run, even if the time penalty is larger than the target points.
3.6.3 The scores of all runs should be added together for a total score.


4. Specifics for the single, double and serial shot tracks


4.1 Single Shot set up
4.1.1 The course shall be 90m long.
4.1.2 The target shall be placed halfway down the track, positioned for a sideways shot from an archer who is 45m along the track.

4.2 Single Shot procedure
4.2.1 Competitors must not touch their arrows before passing through the start
4.2.2 The par time is 14s


4.3 Double Shot set up
4.3.1 The course shall be 90m long.
4.3.2 Two targets shall be positioned as follows:
1 target at 40m along the track and shall be angled for a shot from an archer who is 30m along the track
1 target at 50m along the track and shall be angled for a shot from an archer who is 60m along the track

4.4 Double Shot procedure
4.4.1 Competitors must not touch their arrows before passing through the start
4.4.2 The par time is 14s


4.5 Serial Shot (triple) set up
4.5.1 The course shall be 90m long.
4.5.2 Three targets shall be positioned for sideways shots at distances of 15m, 45m and 75m along the track.

4.6 Serial Shot (triple) procedure
4.6.1 Competitors may start with an arrow nocked. The remaining arrows must be drawn from a belt or quiver as usual.
4.6.2 The par time is 14s

4.7 Serial Shot (triple) scoring. In a given run:
4.7.1 Multi-hit bonus: 3pts for hitting all 3 targets


4.8 Serial Shot (five-shot) set up
4.8.1 The course shall be 150m long.
4.8.2 Five targets shall be positioned for sideways shots at distances of 15m, 45m, 75m, 105m and 135m along the track.

4.9 Serial Shot (five-shot) procedure
4.9.1 Competitors may start with an arrow nocked. The remaining arrows must be drawn from a belt or quiver as usual.
4.9.2 The par time is 23s

4.10 Serial Shot (five-shot) scoring. In a given run:
4.10.1 Speed points shall be awarded if 3 or more targets are hit
4.10.2 Multi-hit bonus: 3pts for hitting 3 consecutive targets (eg 1st, 2nd,& 3rd; 2nd, 3rd & 4th, 3rd, 4th & 5th targets). 5pts for hitting all 5 targets
4.10.3 These bonuses (in 4.9.2) are not cumulative, a competitor is awarded the highest applicable multi-hit bonus: EITHER 3 points for hitting 3 consecutive targets OR 5 points for hitting all 5 targets.

IHAA Raid track diagram

1. Set-up

1.1 The track shall be straight and 90m long between the start and finish lines.
1.1.1 There should be barriers on both sides of the track for its full length.
1.1.2 Care should be taken the the barrier doesn't interfere with shooting the lower targets (ie. T1 & T3)
1.1.3 There should be adequate run-in / run-out space at either end of the track, as per General & Competition rules #8.4 .

1.2 The start and finish lines are clearly marked.
1.2.1 There is a strong preference for using electronic timing on this track* and the timing gates will be located here.

1.3 The target faces shall be round and divided into 5 concentric circular zones,
1.3.1 For T1: the target face is 40cm diameter, with zones of 8cm, 16cm, 24cm, 32cm and 40cm in diameter. A WA40 (FITA40) target may be used.
1.3.2 For T2, 3, 4 & 5: the target face is 80cm diameter, with zones of 16cm, 32cm, 48cm, 64cm and 80cm in diameter. A WA80 (FITA80) target may be used.

1.4 T1 is located at 0m (T1) along the track, ie. level with the start line.
1.4.1 T1 is set adjacent to the track facing parallel to the direction of travel on horseback (ie. the target is not angled towards the track). The centre of the FITA40 target face must be 50cm from the track edge and raised 30cm above the ground. The angle of incline of the target is 45 degrees.

1.5 T2 & 4 (front and back shot targets) shall be set back 7m from the edge of the track. T2 at 40m facing to the track edge at 25m, T4 at 50m facing to 65m.
1.5.1 T2 & 4 shall be set so that their centre is 90cm +\- 10cm above the ground, or lower. Measurements are relative to ground level within the track, ie. the target height should be adjusted appropriately if the ground slopes between the track and the location of the target.
1.5.2 Targets shall be inclined on the vertical plane so that the face is perpendicular to an archer mounted on an average size horse.

1.6 T3 (ground target) should be laid flat on the ground with the centre 1m from the track edge.

1.7 T5 (offside shot) should be set back 3m from the edge of the track, at 90m (ie level with the finish line) angled towards the track edge at 85m.
1.7.1 T5 shall be set so that target centre is 90cm +/- 10cm above the ground or lower (as #1.5.1) and inclined so that the face is perpendicular to a mounted archer (as #1.5.2).

1.8 Safety overshoot areas must be strictly observed by both people and horses; this is particularly relevant for T1 and T5 which are in non-standard locations.
1.8.1 Organisers may set up a double layer of backstop netting behind T1 & T5 if they wish, but there shall still be no persons or horses in these overshoot areas.
1.8.2 With this target set up it is not possible for horses to wait at the start or finish line, nor for people indicating manual timing to be right next to the finish line. The chief referee shall instruct people on where they may stand, and competitors on where they must wait. *


2. Procedure

2.1 The Skirmish event shall consist of four runs.
2.1.1 The archer is allowed 2 test runs in canter before the scored competition runs, shooting is allowed on both runs.
2.1.2 At the referee's discretion warm up runs on the track at walk or trot, with no shooting, may be permitted prior to the test runs (2.1.1) to help familiarise horses with the track set up.

2.2 All shots MUST be taken at canter or gallop.
2.2.1 The horse should be in canter or gallop between the start and finish line.
2.2.2 If there is a prolonged or tactical break in pace the rider will score 0 for that run; however if the rider immediately corrects a break in pace then the run will be scored as normal.

2.3 Riders may start with one arrow nocked or held in the bow hand or string hand, all other arrows should be in quivers or a belt/sash.
2.3.1 Rules on permitted quivers are on p6 (General & competition rules #3.5)
2.3.2 Once through the start gate, riders may retrieve arrows from the quiver or belt; either one at a time for immediate shooting, or several at once to be held in either hand.

2.4 Arrows should be shot only between the start line and finish line, as determined by when the archer’s body crosses the line.
2.4.1 Only one arrow may be loosed at each target.
2.4.2 There are no restrictions on, nor supplementary points awarded for, the technique used to shoot at the targets (i.e. jarmaki may be used for T1 & 3 but is not required, the offside shot may be shot with the bow in either hand as per the archer's preference)
2.4.3 Any arrow shot outside the track (beyond the start or finish) or when the horse has broken gait (out of canter/gallop) will score 0 points regardless of where it hits. The benefit of the doubt shall be given to the competitor. If the judge is not sure whether the competitor shot early or not then no penalty shall be imposed.



3. Scoring

TARGET POINTS
3.1 Targets score (inner ring outwards): 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 points
3.1.2 The archer is awarded the target score of all eligible arrows shot (see 2.4.3)

TIME BONUS & PENALTY
3.2 The par time for the track is 14s
3.2.1 Times should be noted with 2 decimals (if using an electronic timer, or to 1 decimal place if using a stopwatch); according to General & competition rules #10 (see p15)
3.3 A time bonus is awarded at 1.5 points per second (or part thereof) for going faster than the par time, as long as you hit (i.e. score on) 2 targets.
3.4 A time penalty of 1.5 point per second (or part thereof) is applied for exceeding the par time.

MULTI-HIT BONUS
3.5 3 bonus points are awarded if you hit (i.e. score on) any four targets.
4 bonus points are awarded if you hit (i.e. score on) all five targets.

TOTAL SCORING
3.6 The target points, time bonus/penalty and multi-hit bonus for each run should be added together for that run’s score
3.6.1 If the competitor fails to score any hits on the targets, they score 0 for that run (as per 3.2.1), regardless of time taken.
3.6.2 The archer can never receive fewer than 0 points for a run, even if the time penalty is higher than the target points.
3.6.3 The scores of all runs should be added together for a total score.


*Guidance notes:
1.2.1 If manual timing is to be used then 2 posts about 1.5m tall should be placed at both the start line and the finish line, one on each side. This will allow an assistant to stand suitably far back that the chief referee is satisfied they are safe, and by lining up the posts they can confirm that they are square to the start/finish line. As long as there is a clear line of sight it is not necessary to be near the track and the assistant can drop their hand when the horse & rider pass through the finish as normal.
1.8.2 A suggestion is made (see diagram below) regarding suitable safe locations for people and horses to wait but the authority rests with the chief referee and range officer at each venue.